Topic
Precision medicine
Why one diagnosis can hide several conditions, and what tailoring care to the individual really means.
This page collects every article by Dr. Damon Tojjar in this topic. For all topics see browse by topic, and for the source-anchored record see damontojjar.com/record.
Articles in this topic (14)
- What a widely cited meta-analysis taught me about diabetes risk
Type 2 diabetes does not present the same way in every population. In a systematic review and meta-analysis published in Diabetes Care, my co-authors and I examined...
- Precision medicine in diabetes: one size does not fit all
Two people can arrive at the same diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for very different biological reasons. One may be dominated by insulin resistance, another by a...
- Diabetes and the Heart: Why Modern Care Is Increasingly Organ Protection
Why is diabetes care now treated as heart and kidney care?Because the heart and kidneys are where type 2 diabetes does most of its lasting damage, and because we...
- DPYD Testing Before 5-FU and Capecitabine: How Genotype-Guided Dosing Prevents Severe Toxicity
Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine can cause life-threatening toxicity in patients who inherit variants in the DPYD gene that disable the enzyme...
- Why One Diabetes Threshold Does Not Fit Every Population
The short version is this. The body's handling of blood sugar rests on two linked systems: how sensitive your tissues are to insulin, and how vigorously your...
- Gestational Diabetes, Explained Clearly
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that first appears during pregnancy, when the natural hormonal changes of pregnancy make the body more resistant to insulin...
- MODY: The Monogenic Diabetes That Is Usually Misdiagnosed as Type 1 or Type 2
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, or MODY, is a single-gene form of diabetes that is frequently filed under the wrong diagnosis. A 2022 review in American...
- CYP2C19 Genotype and Clopidogrel: Reading the FDA Boxed Warning and the CPIC Guideline
The short answerClopidogrel is a prodrug that does nothing useful until the liver enzyme CYP2C19 converts it into its active form. People who carry two...
- Do Polygenic Risk Scores Improve Heart-Disease Prediction? Reading the Evidence and Its Ancestry Gap
A polygenic risk score (PRS) collapses the small effects of thousands of common DNA variants into a single number meant to rank a person's inherited risk of...
- Precision Medicine in Diabetes: Beyond One-Size-Fits-All
Precision medicine in diabetes is not mainly about genome sequencing. In practice it means a simpler and harder thing: matching the right care to the right person,...
- Prediabetes: What It Means and What It Does Not
Prediabetes means your blood sugar is higher than usual but not yet in the range that defines diabetes. It is best understood as a signal about risk, not a...
- Why Diabetes Prevention Works Better When You Find the Right People First
Effective diabetes prevention is less about a perfect intervention than about aiming it well. Risk stratification is how you aim. It means sorting a population by...
- Why Type 2 Diabetes May Be Several Different Conditions
A single label of type 2 diabetes can sit on top of several biologically different conditions that raise blood sugar through different routes. Two people can...
- The Main Types of Diabetes, Explained in Plain Language
Diabetes is not one disease but a family of conditions that share a single visible feature, blood sugar that runs higher than it should, while arriving by genuinely...